TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

Features 1-1 Design Goals 1-2 Nomenclature 1-2

2. REGISTER AND STACK USAGE

Register Names 2-1 Register Functions 2-1 Figure 2-1. DATA AND PROGRAM REGISTERS 2-2 Stack Usage 2-3 Figure 2-2. STACK STRUCTURE 2-4 Register Access Method 2-5 Figure 2-3. SIMPLE EXTERNAL CIRCUITRY FOR REGISTER 2-6 2-7

3. PROGRAM STATUS WORD (PSW)

Contents of the PSW 3-1 Use of PSW Bits 3-2 Interrupt Process 3-2 Figure 3-1. PSW Bits 3-3

4. INTERRUPT AND INPUT/OUTPUT OPERATION

Sequence of Events During an Interrupt 4-1 Register Allocation During Interrupts 4-1 Input/Output Data Transfer 4-2 Interrupt Signals 4-3 Interrupt Microinstruction Sequence 4-3 Figure 4-1. INTERRUPT SIGNALS 4-4 Figure 4-2. INTERRUPT SIGNAL TIMING 4-5 Minimum Interrupt Routine Utilizing BYTEIN/BYTEOUT 4-6 INSTRUCTIONS Priority Systems For Multiple Interrupt Levels 4-6 Figure 4-3. MICROINSTRUCTIONS USED IN A BYTEIN 4-7 INTERRUPT ROUTINE BLOCKIN And BLOCKOUT Instructions 4-8

TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

5. INSTRUCTIONS

Alignment Rules 5-1 Arithmetic and Logic Methods 5-1 Cycle Times 5-1 Figure 5.1 METHODS FOR SUBTRACT, SHIFT LEFT 5-2 AND LOGICAL OR Mnemonics 5-3 Table 5-1. ABO MICROCOMPUTER INSTRUCTIONS 5-4 5-5 5-6 5-7 5-8 5-9 5-10 5-11 5-12

6. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

MOS Characteristics 6-1 Power Supply 6-1 Table 6-1. VOLTAGE SPECIFICATIONS OF INPUT AND 6-2 OUTPUT SIGNALS Figure 6-1. CONNECTIONS TO ABO MICROCOMPUTER 6-3 Input Signals 6-4 Output Signals 6-4 Clock Inputs 6-4 6-5 Dynamic Storage 6-6 Figure 6-2. CLOCK TIMING 6-7

7. INTERNAL OPERATION

Internal Data Paths and Registers 7-1 Typical Instruction Execution 7-1 TROM And ROM Address Registers 7-1 Table 7-1. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE ABO 7-2 MICROCOMPUTER Figure 7-1. ABO MICROCOMPUTER INTERNAL STRUCTURE 7-3 7-4 Figure 7-2. ADDRESS FORMATION IN THE ROM ADDRESS 7-5 REGISTER (RAR) Figure 7-3. TROM Bits 7-6 Figure 7-4. SELECTION OF REGISTER ADDRESS FROM 7-6 I REGISTER Microinstruction ROM 7-7 Figure 7-5. DATA PATHS FOR ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC 7-8 OPERATIONS ALU And OP Register 7-9 Figure 7-6. DATA INPUT/OUTPUT CONTROL 7-10 PSW Register 7-11 Data Input/Output 7-11 Figure 7-7. TIMING OF EVENTS DURING ALU OPERATIONS 7-12 ADD2ND Microcycles 7-13

TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

7. (Continued)

Figure 7-8. MEMORY ADDRESSING LOGIC 7-14 Memory Addressing 7-15 7-16 Table 7-2. DECODING OF MICROINSTRUCTION 7-17 MAS FIELD Figure 7-9. TIMING DURING INCREMENT OF CPC 7-18 REGISTER CPC Register 7-19 Conditional Microinstruction Jumps 7-19 Figure 7-10. MICROINSTRUCTION CONDITIONAL JUMP 7-20 7-21 LOGIC SIGNALS

MICROPROGRAMMING RULES

Creating New Microinstructions 8-1 CPC Field 8-1 JC Field 8-2 MAS Field 8-2 MI Field 8-2 Table 8-1. MICROINSTRUCTION FORMAT 8-3 ALU Field 8-4 SETC Field 8-4 SETCC Field 8-4 ZS Field 8-5 ZD Field 8-5 ADDRESS Field 8-6 Assigning ROM addresses and TROM Data 8-6

APPENDICES

A1 SUMMARY OF INPUT AND OUTPUT SIGNALS A1-1 A1-2 A2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS A2-1 A2-2 A2-3 A2-4 A2-5 A2-6 A3 LOGISPEC PROGRAM LOGIC EQUATIONS A3-1 A3-2 A3-3 A3-4 A3-5 A3-6 A3-7 A3-8 A3-9 A3-10 A3-11 A3-12 A3-13 A3-14 A3-15 A3-16 A3-17 A3-18 A3-19 A3-20 A3-21 A3-22 A3-23 A4 USE OF THE SENSE' INPUT A4-1 A4-2 A5 CONTENTS OF TROM AND MICROINSTRUCTION ROM A5-1 Figure A5-1, TROM CONTENTS A5-2 A5-3 A5-4 A5-5 A5-6 A5-7 A5-8 A5-9 A5-10 A6 MICROINSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION OF EACH INSTRUCTION A6-1 A6-2 A6-3 A6-4 A6-5 A6-6 A6-7 A6-8 A6-9 A6-10 A6-11 A6-12